tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-14056146472558459462024-03-05T05:26:56.491-08:00ASTRONÁUTICAThis blog is a walk in the greatness of the universe created by God on board equipment and space vehicles invented by man - Image of God.
Este blog é um passeio na grandeza do universo criado por Deus a bordo de equipamentos e veículos espaciais inventados pelo homem - Imagem de Deus.VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.comBlogger31125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-39035620894767930642020-10-10T09:20:00.002-07:002020-10-10T09:23:02.827-07:00TERRA PLANA E OS SATÉLITES GEOESTACIONÁRIS<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CrazKVZHE8A" width="480"></iframe>VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-65455152699920186222020-10-10T09:14:00.003-07:002020-10-10T09:15:56.069-07:00LIVRO TERRA PLANA E OS SATELITES GEOESTACIONÁRIOS<p><a href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.clubedeautores.com.br/downloads/books/295988/preview/cover_front_big.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=02VTT47Q18YKJ450E5R2&Expires=1625242219&Signature=l39X%2F6mjp94B4D0tb5JvbQT1TL4%3D">https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.clubedeautores.com.br/downloads/books/295988/preview/cover_front_big.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=02VTT47Q18YKJ450E5R2&Expires=1625242219&Signature=l39X%2F6mjp94B4D0tb5JvbQT1TL4%3D</a> </p><p><br /></p>
https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.clubedeautores.com.br/downloads/books/295988/preview/cover_front_big.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=02VTT47Q18YKJ450E5R2&Expires=1625242219&Signature=l39X%2F6mjp94B4D0tb5JvbQT1TL4%3DVALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-30113776209024971062018-06-12T02:46:00.005-07:002018-06-14T15:35:41.001-07:00LIVRO: DIREITO DIVINO A LEGÍTIMA DEFESA Você pode adquirir este livro em dezenas de livrarias virtuais no mundo inteiro, no Brasil pode ser nos links abaixo:<br />
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<h4 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom: 2px dotted rgb(221, 221, 221); color: #9e4a76; display: block; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; margin: 15px 0px 10px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 10px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-transform: none; vertical-align: inherit; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Sinopse</h4>
<div class="cXenseParse" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: inherit; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: inherit;">
Deus criou homens, animais, plantas e toda espécie de seres vivos com capacidade e armas naturais para se defenderem e se necessário matar o agressor e predador. Nem o Estado pode usurpar do indivíduo seu direito divino e sagrado de se armar e se defender. Você pode ter arma de fogo e tem o direito de usa-la para se defender, ainda que o Estado proíba. Toda a natureza criada por Deus foi projetada para se defender, não seria os seres humanos que ficariam sem defesa. São ridículas e dignas de insultos as leis que proíbem o indivíduo de se defenderem. Uma lei maior escrita por Deus em todo o mundo diz que você pode pegar pedra, pau, faca, revólver, torpedo, míssil, bomba nuclear e tudo que estiver ao seu alcance para defender sua vida, sua família e sua propriedade. Matar nem sempre é crime, nem sempre é homicídio. Quando leis provenientes de insanos contraria a Deus e a natureza das coisas, você pode cagar nelas sem pecar.</div>
</div>
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<br />
<br />
<h4 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom: 2px dotted rgb(221, 221, 221); color: #9e4a76; display: block; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; margin: 15px 0px 10px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 10px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-transform: none; vertical-align: inherit; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Características</h4>
<div class="capa-do-livro left" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #666666; float: left; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: inherit; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<img alt="Cover_front_perspective" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.clubedeautores.com.br/downloads/books/248463/preview/cover_front_perspective.png?AWSAccessKeyId=02VTT47Q18YKJ450E5R2&Expires=1550647668&Signature=U0PEgoyrYQAJAHLw%2F9UuNChY7Nc%3D" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></div>
<div class="descricao left" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #666666; display: block; float: left; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 17px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: inherit; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">Número de páginas:</b> 163<br />
<br style="vertical-align: inherit;" />
<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">Edição:</b> 1(2018)<br />
<br style="vertical-align: inherit;" />
<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">ISBN:</b> 978-1983982255<br />
<br style="vertical-align: inherit;" />
<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">Formato:</b> A5 148x210<br />
<br style="vertical-align: inherit;" />
<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">Acabamento:</b> Brochura c/ orelha<br />
<br style="vertical-align: inherit;" />
<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">Tipo de papel:</b> Offset 75g</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="714" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/key/zdDaF8mwbrA2L1" style="border-width: 1px; border: 1px solid #ccc; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%;" width="668"> </iframe> <br />
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<b> <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/ESCRIBAVALDEMIR/direito-divino-a-legtima-defesa-86461331" target="_blank" title="DIREITO DIVINO A LEGÍTIMA DEFESA">DIREITO DIVINO A LEGÍTIMA DEFESA</a> </b> de <b><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/ESCRIBAVALDEMIR" target="_blank">ESCRIBAVALDEMIR</a></b> </div>
VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-75122442900863598192018-06-12T02:46:00.001-07:002018-06-12T02:46:06.611-07:00ESTAÇÃO ESPACIAL INTERNACIONAL<header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title post-title-big">
11 curiosidades sobre a Estação Espacial Internacional</h1>
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A
engenharia necessária para colocar três caras em um foguete e disparar
para a Lua parecia algo impossível, mas a NASA conseguiu. Dois anos
depois, os astronautas já brincavam de jogar golfe em solo lunar. Desde
então, a tecnologia espacial se desenvolveu e hoje se planeja até uma
colônia em Marte.<br />
Além de tudo isso, os astronautas atuais contam
com a Estação Espacial Internacional (ISS) para o apoio das missões e
para experiências com pouca gravidade — lembrando que lá a gravidade não
é zero, apenas o efeito, pois a Estação encontra-se num estado de
“queda constante” ocasionado pela força centrípeta a que está sujeita.<br />
<ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8407857756976210" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-slot="5597113402" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; height: 178px; text-align: center;"><ins id="aswift_1_expand" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; height: 178px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 710px;"><ins id="aswift_1_anchor" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: block; height: 178px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 710px;"></ins></ins></ins> Esse
é apenas um dos muitos aspectos da Estação Espacial Internacional. Você
já teve a oportunidade de ver aqui no Mega Curioso alguns fatos sobre o
cotidiano nesse ambiente. Agora você pode conferir mais alguns logo
abaixo.<br />
<h2>
1 – A Estação é grande</h2>
<br />
<h2>
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2757 " src="https://enigmasdouniverso.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/img_58fd85a883d68.png" /></h2>
É
difícil mensurar em fotografias do espaço o tamanho de certos objetos
ou corpos celestes. Para efeitos de comparação, por exemplo, se a Terra
fosse do tamanho de uma bola de basquete, a Lua seria o tamanho de uma
bola de tênis. A Estação Espacial Internacional tem cerca de 110 metros
de comprimento, mais ou menos o tamanho do campo do estádio do Maracanã.<br />
<h2>
2 – A ISS é modular</h2>
A
Estação é constituída por diversos módulos, sendo que a maioria foi
construída pelos EUA e Rússia. A partir dos módulos básicos, os demais
foram sendo encaixados, o que facilitou a montagem da estrutura. Desde
1998 o “consórcio” fabrica e envia peças e módulos para o espaço.<br />
Com
isso a Estação pode ser modificada e atualizada de acordo com a
necessidade. Se por um acaso algum módulo seja danificado sem a
possibilidade de reparos, a substituição dele também será simples.<br />
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2764 " src="https://enigmasdouniverso.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/img_58fd8b6b08780.png" /><br />
<ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8407857756976210" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-slot="5597113402" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; height: 178px; text-align: center;"><ins id="aswift_2_expand" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; height: 178px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 710px;"><ins id="aswift_2_anchor" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: block; height: 178px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 710px;"></ins></ins></ins> <h2>
3 – Os seus computadores também são atacados por vírus</h2>
<br />
<div class="imgcenter">
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2750 " src="https://enigmasdouniverso.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/img_58fd851cb7510.png" /></div>
Não
são apenas os computadores “terráqueos” que lidam com esse tipo de
problema. Os computadores da Estação já foram infectados por vírus mais
de uma vez. O primeiro relatado foi o famoso W32.Gammima.AG, que,
segundo a Symantec, é um vírus que se espalhou, copiando-se para mídias
removíveis. Ele também rouba senhas de vários jogos on-line.<br />
<strong>Agora rodam LINUX</strong><br />
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2751 " src="https://enigmasdouniverso.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/img_58fd85291151d.png" /><br />
No
ano passado, a EEI abandonou o Windows e o Scientific Linux em favor do
Linux Debian 6 para sua rede de computadores portáteis. Keith Chuvala,
que administra Operações Espaciais de Computadores para a NASA, declarou
na época: “Nós migramos as principais funções do Windows para o Linux
porque precisávamos de um sistema operacional que fosse estável e mais
seguro. Então, se for necessário corrigir, ajustar ou adaptar, nós
podemos”. Para garantir a estabilidade, eles planejam executar uma
versão sempre anterior da mais recente do sistema operacional.<br />
<h2>
4 – Trânsito intenso na EEI</h2>
<br />
<ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8407857756976210" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-slot="5597113402" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; height: 178px; text-align: center;"><ins id="aswift_3_expand" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; height: 178px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 710px;"><ins id="aswift_3_anchor" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: block; height: 178px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 710px;"></ins></ins></ins> <h2>
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2752 " src="https://enigmasdouniverso.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/img_58fd853c5699b.png" /></h2>
Se
você pensa que a vida na Estação é só ficar flutuando nos ambientes com
pouca gravidade, está muito enganado. A Estação tem um tráfego muito
maior do que você poderia esperar. No dia nove de junho, a Progress
M-21M partiu da estação, enquanto na semana seguinte a Cygnus CRS Orb-2
estava programada para chegar, sendo a sua segunda missão de
reabastecimento desde o teste de acoplamento bem-sucedido no ano
passado.<br />
E o movimento não para. Atualmente, existem três naves
“ancoradas” por lá: a Soyuz TMA-12M, a Progress M-23M e a Soyuz TMA-13M.
A SpaceX tem uma missão de reabastecimento programada para agosto e uma
nova equipe vai chegar em setembro. Você pode conferir o quadro de
datas deste entra e sai de naves <a href="http://spider.seds.org/shuttle/iss-sche.html">aqui nesse link</a>.<br />
<h2>
5 – Você pode acompanhá-la</h2>
<br />
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2753 " src="https://enigmasdouniverso.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/img_58fd854da4d3a.png" /><br />
Além
de ser possível enxergar a Estação Espacial Internacional a olho nu
(ela parece um avião em movimento lento), a NASA tem um serviço chamado <a href="http://spotthestation.nasa.gov/">Spot the Station</a>,
que permite que você se cadastre para receber mensagens de texto
dizendo quando você deve procurar pela estação no céu e para qual
direção olhar. Bacana, não é mesmo? Além disso, quando a equipe está de
plantão, você pode assistir a uma transmissão ao vivo de vídeo interno
da Estação através desse <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/iss_ustream.html#.U6nuV5RdVc-">outro link</a>.<br />
<h2>
6 – Os astronautas de lá contribuem, e muito, para a Ciência</h2>
<br />
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2754 " src="https://enigmasdouniverso.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/img_58fd8557af52c.png" /><br />
A
EEI é um laboratório de pesquisa em plena órbita. Os experimentos em
andamento por lá incluem, entre muitos outros, a construção de robôs
espaciais mais aperfeiçoados, estudar os efeitos do espaço no esperma,
descobrir como os nossos ritmos circadianos são afetados pela ausência
de um ciclo de 24 horas de luz e escuridão, testar a melhor forma de
cultivar plantas em um ambiente de microgravidade e como construir uma
internet espacial mais rápida. Bastante trabalho para os astronautas!<br />
<h2>
7 – A Estação não vai existir para sempre</h2>
<br />
<h2>
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2755 " src="https://enigmasdouniverso.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/img_58fd85627d08d.png" /></h2>
Sim,
é verdade, não está nos planos que a Estação fique lá em cima por muito
mais tempo. Mas ainda não está totalmente certo de que ela será
retirada de órbita em 2020, como foi planejado originalmente. Testes de
engenharia sugerem que o módulo Zarya (o primeiro e mais antigo da
estação) e o Unity node (o primeiro componente norte-americano) estarão
bons por pelo menos até 2028, ou seja, a estação pode ser viável por
mais tempo.<br />
<h2>
8 – Gravidade</h2>
</div>
<img src="http://ibxk.com.br/2013/5/materias/34974467110122.gif" /><br />
<div class="references">
A
água por exemplo não se comporta da mesma forma em um ambiente sem
gravidade. Assim, como você pode ver na imagem acima, o líquido parece
adotar uma consistência gelatinosa. Portanto, lavar as mãos ou tomar
aquele banho relaxante não é tão simples assim. (<em>Você pode conferir a matéria completa sobre essa curiosidade através deste <a href="http://www.megacurioso.com.br/gravidade/36260-astronauta-mostra-como-e-incrivel-torcer-um-pano-molhado-no-espaco-video-.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" title="Clique aqui para acessar">link</a>.</em>)<br />
<h2>
9 – A ISS completa uma órbita ao redor da Terra a cada 1h30 e sua gravidade real não é zero</h2>
Isso
significa que a estrutura viaja a pouco mais de 8 km por segundo. A
órbita que ela percorre ao redor da Terra é chamada de Órbita Terrestre
Baixa (Low Earth Orbit) e seu raio é de aproximadamente 360 km. A
estação perde, em média, 100 metros de altitude todos os dias – isso
quer dizer que por volta de 2030 ela sairá de operação e colidirá com a
Terra, como ocorreu com a Mir.<br />
É comum associar à estação um
estado de “gravidade zero”, mas isso não está correto. A gravidade
aproximada do local, levando-se em conta um raio de 6.378,1 km
terrestre, é de 8,3 m/s² a 8,4 m/s², pela igualdade da Lei da Gravitação
Universal (LGU) e o peso, o que é considerável. Na superfície terrestre
a aceleração da gravidade é de aproximadamente 9.8 m/s².<br />
g = G x M / R²<br />
G – constante gravitacional universal, M – massa da Terra , R – raio da órbita da Estação<br />
O
efeito “gravidade zero” ocorre porque a estação está “caindo
eternamente” por causa da curva ocasionada pela força centrípeta a que
está sujeita.<br />
<h2>
10. A China também possui uma estação espacial própria</h2>
Como
você deve ter percebido, a China não participa do programa da Estação
Espacial Internacional. Ao invés disso, ela mantém seu próprio programa
espacial desde 1992. O seu auge, no entanto, só ocorreu em 2011, quando o
país lançou a estação. O Tangong-1 é o primeiro módulo, com capacidade
para acomodar 3 astronautas durante um curto período de tempo. A estação
será composta por 3 módulos no total, a serem todos unidos até 2020. No
filme Gravidade, Sandra Bullock utiliza a nave de escape da estação
chinesa para retornar à Terra.<br />
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2765 " src="https://enigmasdouniverso.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/img_58fd8be43d219.png" /><br />
<br />
<h2>
11. Ela pode ser vista a olho nu, da Terra</h2>
Ela
é tão grande que pode ser vista da Terra a olho nu, em horários e
locais bem específicos. Infelizmente ela não passa pelo Brasil, logo não
é possível vê-la daqui.<br />
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2766 " src="https://enigmasdouniverso.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/img_58fd8c12f0911.png" /><br />
<span class="references-title">FONTE:</span><br />
<ul class="references-list">
<li class="references-item"><a href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/57240/11-things-you-might-not-know-about-international-space-station" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" title="Mental Floss">MENTAL FLOSS</a></li>
</ul>
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VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-56928358667953216462016-09-21T18:26:00.002-07:002016-09-21T18:26:24.686-07:00SKYLAB<div class="hatnote" style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em;">
<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rog%C3%A9rio_Skylab" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rogério Skylab">Skylab</a>.</div>
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<b>Skylab</b> (<b>Sky</b> <b>Lab</b>oratory, literalmente "Laboratório do céu"), designa a primeira <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_espacial" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estação espacial">estação espacial</a> <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estados Unidos">norte-americana</a>, que foi lançada ao espaço em <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/14_de_maio" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="14 de maio">14 de maio</a> de <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1973">1973</a>, a uma altitude de 435 km, e reentrou na <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Atmosfera">atmosfera</a>, destruindo-se prematuramente, em <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1979">1979</a>. O nome também designa a missão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_I" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Skylab I">Skylab I</a>, que colocou a estação em órbita, e as três missões tripuladas, <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_II" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Skylab II">Skylab II</a>, <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_III" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Skylab III">III</a> e <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_IV" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Skylab IV">IV</a> que foram lançadas para trabalhar na estação espacial e usavam a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projeto_Apollo" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Projeto Apollo">nave Apollo</a>.</div>
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A Skylab era composta de cinco partes: um <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópio</a> (ATM); um adaptador para acoplagem múltipla (MDA); um módulo selado (AM); uma unidade de instrumentos (IU); e um espaço de trabalho orbital (OWS).</div>
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A missão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_I" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Skylab I">Skylab I</a> foi a responsável por colocar em órbita a estação/laboratório espacial Skylab. Foi uma missão não tripulada que usou o <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foguete" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Foguete">foguete</a> <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_V" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Saturno V">Saturno V</a>.</div>
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<img height="514" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Skylab_diagram.jpg/220px-Skylab_diagram.jpg" width="640" /></div>
VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-58794336600698828172016-09-21T18:20:00.002-07:002016-09-21T18:20:28.732-07:00LIVRO: HISTÓRIA ECLESIÁSTICA DE EUSÉBIO COMENTADA<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12px;">Livro que pode ser comprado no amazon.com ou no clubedeautores.com.br</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Lógico que Eusébio de Cesareia escreveu a história da Igreja de acordo com o seu ponto de vista, portanto não existe isenção total, nem devemos esperar isto de ninguém. Mas o valor da sua obra é inestimável, porque através destes dez livros de Eusébio que eu aglutinei em dois volumes nos enriquece com informações que estariam perdidas para sempre se não fosse o espírito empreendedor de Eusébio. Dentro do possível ele procurou ser fiel aos textos que ele tinha em mãos, coletando histórias e dados indispensáveis para entendermos o desenvolvimento do cristianismo nos primeiros séculos.</span><br />
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VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-12408327439602156812016-06-08T21:33:00.001-07:002016-06-08T21:33:30.824-07:00PROGETTO SKYLAB<header class="header" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;"><h1 class="post-title" style="font-family: Arvo, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 2.188em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 55px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Skylab</h1>
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<span class="meta-date">Pubblicato il <time data-hover="6 luglio 2009" datetime="2009-07-06T16:35:00+02:00">6 luglio 2009 </time></span><span class="meta-author">da Riccardo</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="375" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab27.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Le radici del progetto Skylab, affondano, come quasi tutto quello che si è fatto da parte americana nello spazio, alle geniali concezioni di Wernher von Braun. Nel 1955, lo US Army, per il quale all’epoca egli<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span>lavorava presso l’arsenale di Redstone, Alabama, come direttore esecutivo dell’Army Ballistic Missile Agency, gli chiese di studiare la possibile realizzazione di una base lunare militare permanente. Nacque così il Project Horizon, che prevedeva l’impiego di enormi (per l’epoca) vettori, necessari al sollevamento del materiale e dell’equipaggio della base lunare. E dato che gli stadi superiori dei vettori Horizon sarebbero rimasti in orbita, dopo avere esaurito il carburante necessario a spingere le navette lunari verso il nostro satellite, lo scienziato tedesco pensò di poterli utilizzare per alloggiare gli astronauti che avrebbero poi provveduto a montare la grande stazione spaziale a ruota che era pure nei suoi progetti. E dal concetto di riutilizzare boosters esauriti per ottenere ambienti abitabili, sarebbero seguiti numerosi progetti per tutti gli anni Sessanta, fino allo Skylab vero e proprio.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class=" noAlign" height="721" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-2.jpg" style="border: 0px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;" width="600" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Progetto Douglas per un laboratorio spaziale</em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Nel 1963, l’US Air Force iniziò lo sviluppo del Manned Orbital Laboratory, una piccola stazione spaziale intesa principalmente come satellite spia abitato. Dotato di due telescopi ad alta potenza puntati verso terra e abitato da due astronauti, l’MOL aveva lo stesso diametro dello stadio superiore di un vettore Titan II, una versione modificata del quale era previsto la ponesse in orbita, con l’equipaggio trasportato da una capsula Gemini modificata con l’apertura di un boccaporto nella parte inferiore dello scudo termico. La NASA si sentì direttamente minacciata da quel progetto, e avviò una serie di studi per la realizzazione di stazioni spaziali sue. In realtà, fiorirono diverse dozzine di progetti, molti dei quali sono puri e semplici e frettolosi schizzi a biro o matita, un paio di quali tracciati perfino sui tovagliolini di carta della caffetteria della NASA, a Houston, secondo una consuetudine piuttosto diffusa negli USA, al punto da fornire la base per un’espressione idiomatica dell’inglese parlato nel continente nordamericano<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Il concetto che alla fine si fece strada con più insistenza, era quello di una piattaforma lanciata da un vettore Saturn V, a cui avrebbe fatto seguito quindi il suo equipaggio con un Saturn IB a bordo di un Apollo CSM, o, in alternativa, un Titan II-C con una capsula Gemini nel caso di equipaggio da avvicendare e senza la necessità di dover trasportare materiale.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="416" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-10.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="377" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Concetto generale dello Skylab come elaborato sul finire degli anni Sessanta.</em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">La NASA guardava comunque con interesse anche alle diverse proposte delle aziende aerospaziali, che, in quegli anni si sbizzarrirono a immaginare stazioni spaziali in orbita terrestre e lunare per supportare basi permanenti sulla superficie del nostro satellite. Uno dei progetti seguiti con più interesse in quel periodo, proveniva dalla Lockheed: 24 uomini in orbita terrestre, 6 in orbita lunare, una vita di almeno cinque anni per i veicoli, e navette di collegamento per avvicendare gli equipaggi e portare i rifornimenti. Dal progetto lifting body collegato a questo concetto di stazioni spaziali Lockheed, sarebbe nato lo Space Shuttle.</span></span></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class=" noAlign" height="463" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-36.jpg" style="border: 0px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;" width="600" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Nel Giugno 1964, la NASA creò l’<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Apollo Logistic Support System Office</em>, con lo scopo di studiare le varie possibilità di modifica del progetto Apollo/Saturn V, al fine di realizzare missioni scientifiche nello spazio. I vari progetti messi allo studio, prevedevano missioni lunari con permanenza sulla Luna di un intero mese lunare, messe in opera lanciando due o tre Saturn V contemporaneamente e facendo atterrare sulla superficie del nostro satellite strutture realizzate modificando e ingrandendo sia le capsule Apollo che sarebbero dovute scendere sulla Luna complete del modulo di servizio per essere quindi adagiate sulla superficie e utilizzate come habitat semi permanenti, sia, in alternativa, il modulo lunare modificato come habitat e spedito come unico payload di un Saturn V.</span></span></span></span></span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">L’anno successivo, l’ufficio cambiò nome, e divenne <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">l’Apollo Applications Program</em>, nome col quale studiò diverse estensioni del progetto in sé, comprese missioni umane di sorvolo di Marte, Venere e Cerere. Uno di questi progetti, prevedeva l’invio in orbita di una piccola stazione ottenuta modificando un modulo lunare, mentre von Braun proponeva l’utilizzo dello stadio superiore di un Saturn V, S-IVB, che rimaneva in orbita terrestre dopo la partenza del bus Apollo-LM per il nostro satellite (in realtà, per evitare incidenti, si provvedeva a inviarlo in orbita solare o a farlo schiantare sulla Luna). Una successiva missione inviata da terra con Saturn IB, avrebbe provveduto ai lavori necessari per rendere lo stadio abitabile per una missione scientifica, applicando fra l’altro dei pannelli solari per fornire l’energia necessaria all’alimentazione dei diversi sottosistemi. E il cosiddetto concetto dell’wet workshop, concetto ribadito successivamente nella proposta di O’Neill di usare il serbatoio centrale dello Shuttle come base di partenza per le sue colonie umane.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class=" noAlign" height="466" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-30.jpg" style="border: 0px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;" width="600" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Il 1° Aprile 1966, il Michelson Science Center (ora</span> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">NASA Exoplanet Science Institute</em>, NExScI, inviò un’RFP a Douglas, Grumman e McDonnell, per la conversione del terzo stadio, S-IVB, esaurito, di un Saturn V, sotto il nome <span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Saturn S-IVB Spent-Stage Experiment Support Module</em></span> (SSESM), e alla fine di Luglio, fu annunciato che un cosiddetto Orbital Workshop sarebbe stato lanciato come parte della missione AS209 nel quadro dei collaudi della navetta Apollo in LEO, seguita dall’equipaggio e dal materiale con due successivi lanci Saturn I, AAP1 e 2, e questo nonostante le preoccupazioni esposte dagli astronauti all’idea di lavorare in un ambiente che aveva contenuto il pericoloso idrogeno liquido.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class=" noAlign" height="611" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-6.gif" style="border: 0px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="610" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-7.gif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="377" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-11.gif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Nel frattempo, i costi esorbitanti del programma Apollo, portarono a cancellazioni dolorose ma necessarie: nell’Agosto 1967, la NASA annunciò che la prevista base lunare era stata cassata dai programmi, assieme alle missioni Apollo da 20 a 30 (successivamente sarebbero state cancellate anche le missioni 18, 19 e 20). L’Orbital Workshop non venne invece toccato, con l’importante novità che la cancellazione delle missioni lunari rendeva disponibili vettori Saturn V in origine previsti per loro, e questo faceva sì che si potesse lanciare in orbita la stazione direttamente come “dry workshop”.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">L’8 Agosto 1969, la McDonnell Douglas ricevette un contratto per la conversione di due stadi S-IVB nella configurazione “dry” Orbital Workshop: uno sarebbe stato usato come mockup per addestrare gli astronauti a terra, il secondo messo in orbita e denominato Skylab.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="349" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-1.gif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="444" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-Patch.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="448" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">SKYLAB</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Skylab fu lanciato il 14 Maggio 1973 con un vettore Saturn INT-21 e posto in un’orbita a 435 chilometri di distanza dalla terra. Dopo soli 63 secondi dal lancio, si staccò una copertura che distrusse un pannello solare nonché uno scudo di protezione contro l'impatto di</span></span> <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Meteorite"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">meteoriti</span></span></span></span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">. La stazione spaziale raggiunse la traiettoria d'</span></span></span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Orbita"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">orbita</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">programmata, senza essere tuttavia in grado di funzionare con un equipaggio umano.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Nonostante ciò, il controllo del volo, a Houston, riuscì a spiegare i quattro pannelli solari principali dell'osservatorio astronomico, ma rimanevano però<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span> problemi con i restanti due pannelli. Lo scudo protettivo contro l'impatto di meteoriti aveva la contemporanea funzione di protezione termica e la mancanza dello stesso comportò un notevole aumento di</span></span> <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Temperatura"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">temperatura</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">all'interno della stazione spaziale stessa, tanto che si temette la distruzione degli alimenti, dei medicinali e delle</span></span> <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellicola_fotografica" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Pellicola fotografica"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">pellicole fotografiche</span></span></span></span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><img class="noAlign" height="624" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-38.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /></span></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Il lancio dello Skylab.</em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Come prima reazione a questi problemi il lancio di</span></span> <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_2" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Skylab 2"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Skylab 2</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">venne posticipato a quando la situazione effettiva dello stato della stazione spaziale non fosse stata completamente chiarita. Contemporaneamente la direzione di volo tentò di portare lo Skylab in una posizione ottimale, trovandosi di fronte a un angoscioso dilemma: se i pannelli solari funzionanti rimanevano esposti verso il sole, si poteva sì guadagnare energia sufficiente per far funzionare la stazione ma contemporaneamente la temperatura all'interno della stazione sarebbe aumentata notevolmente. Se invece si fosse girata la stazione posizionandola in modo che la parte priva di protezione rimanesse all'ombra, i pannelli solari non avrebbero prodotto energia sufficiente per far funzionare la stazione e a far ricaricare gli accumulatori d'energia. Se non fosse stato possibile riparare i danni che si erano verificati al lancio entro pochi giorni, la stazione spaziale sarebbe stata inutilizzabile.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="531" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-5.gif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">LE MISSIONI</strong></span></span></div>
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<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="388" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab_2_crew.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Joseph Kerwin, Charles Conrad e Paul Weitz.</span></em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Skylab 2</strong> (SL2, oppure SLM1), fu la prima missione a portare astronauti sullo Skylab: con la sua durata di 28 giorni, 49 minuti e 49 secondi, fu all’epoca la più lunga permanenza nello spazio di un equipaggio umano e la prima a riportare a terra vivi gli occupanti di una stazione spaziale (la precedente, Salyut 1, si era conclusa con la morte dell’equipaggio sovietico per il cedimento di un pannello con conseguente decompressione). Ne facevano parte Charles “Pete” Conrad jr, comandante (già nello spazio con Gemini 5 e 11, e sulla Luna con Apollo 12), Paul Joseph Weitz, pilota (avrebbe volato ancora come comandante dell’STS6, Challenger, nel 1983) e il dottor Joseph Peter Kerwin, primo medico a volare nello spazio.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Partito con dieci giorni di ritardo, lo Skylab 2 venne lanciato il 25 Maggio 1973. Dieci minuti dopo il lancio, la capsula Apollo, priva di un proprio radio call, entrò in orbita, per eseguire il rendezvous con la stazione spaziale cinque orbite più tardi. Durante la manovra di aggancio, gli astronauti eseguirono una prima ricognizione visiva dello Skylab per verificare i danni subiti, inviando contemporaneamente le immagini a terra per avere ulteriori indicazioni. Come previsto, la maggior parte dello scudo termico mancava completamente. Lo stesso valeva per un pannello solare mentre un ulteriore pannello si era solamente incastrato durante la fase di estrazione.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">A questo punto, l’astronauta Weitz, mentre si trovava in piedi nel portello aperto della capsula Apollo (cioè eseguendo una cosiddetta <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Stand Up-</em></span></span></span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attivit%C3%A0_extraveicolare" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Attività extraveicolare"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">EVA</span></span></span></span></em></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">)</em> tentò di estrarre il pannello dall’incastramento. Kerwin reggeva l’astronauta trattenendolo alle sue gambe, mentre Conrad tentava di manovrare il più lentamente possibile la capsula. La manovra, per quanto spericolata, non riuscì.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="375" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab8.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Solo il giorno successivo, gli astronauti passarono dalla capsula alla stazione spaziale, surriscaldata a causa della mancanza dello scudo termico. L’equipaggio fu comunque in grado di aprire una vela protettiva solare e di posizionarla all’esterno del laboratorio raggiungendo l’effetto che il calore diminuì ben presto entro un limite sopportabile per l’equipaggio. Il disegno e la costruzione di questo rudimentale “parasole”, era stato realizzato in appena sette giorni.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Il 7 Giugno, Conrad e Kerwin eseguirono un’altra EVA di 3 ore e 25 minuti per liberare il pannello solare. Da questo momento, Skylab poté funzionare regolarmente.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Durante le rimanenti due settimane l’equipaggio eseguì diversi esperimenti scientifici, mentre una terza EVA, di un’ora e 36 minuti, venne eseguita da Conrad e Weitz il 13 Giugno per sostituire la pellicola, esaurita, dell’osservatorio astronomico.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Il 22 Giugno l’equipaggio fece ritorno a terra, dimostrando che l’uomo era in grado di superare avvenimenti negativi imprevisti, e che gli astronauti potevano rimanere, vivere e lavorare quattro settimane in condizione di microgravità, portando alla conclusione che non ci fossero assolutamente controindicazioni a una permanenza prolungata nello spazio.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Anche se tutti gli esperimenti non poterono essere eseguiti come programmato, a causa dei lavori di riparazione che avevano impegnato una gran parte del tempo disponibile, il numero di dati e risultati trasmessi al termine della missione fu considerato ampiamente soddisfacente. Anche la capsula Apollo si era dimostrata completamente affidabile. La pausa di circa quattro settimane tra il volo di andata ed il volo di ritorno non aveva assolutamente influito sul suo rendimento.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class=" noAlign" height="464" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-15.gif" style="border: 0px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;" width="650" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class=" noAlign" height="536" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-16.gif" style="border: 0px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;" width="650" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class=" noAlign" height="521" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-17.gif" style="border: 0px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;" width="650" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class=" noAlign" height="555" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-18.gif" style="border: 0px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;" width="650" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Skylab 3</strong></span> ( <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">SL-3, SLM-2</span>) , partì il 28 Luglio 1973 e durò 59 giorni, 11 ore e 9 minuti, con comandante Alan LaVern Bean, quarto uomo sulla Luna con Apollo 12, pilota Jack Robert Lousma (volerà ancora con STS3, Columbia, nel 1982), e tecnico di missione l’ingegnere elettronico Owen Kay Garriott (volerà nel 1983 con STS9, Colombia, prima missione Spacelab). Ufficialmente <span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Skylab 3</em>, anche se spesso viene nominata come <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Skylab 2</em> (come per esempio indicato sullo stemma della missione), in quanto si trattò del secondo equipaggio della stazione spaziale stessa.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Come per la missione precedente, furono programmati dei lavori di riparazione della stazione spaziale. La vela solare montata da Conrad e Kerwin, se da un lato proteggeva lo Skylab dall’eccessivo calore, dall’altra era comunque stata ritenuta fin dal principio una soluzione provvisoria. Pertanto sarebbe stato compito dell’equipaggio dello Skylab 3 eseguire una riparazione migliore sostituendo la vela con una protezione contro i raggi solari più efficiente. Per allenarsi all’esecuzione di questo lavoro in uno stato di microgravità, i gli astronauti avevano lavorato sott’acqua in un'apposita vasca nel centro spaziale di Houston.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="497" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-Mission--2.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="514" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab3_crew.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Alan Bean, Jack Lousma e Owen K. Garriott.</em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Durante i primi giorni della missione, l’intero equipaggio soffrì della cosiddetta “malattia dello spazio”, un malessere non dissimile dal mal d’auto o di mare, fatto, questo, che stupì i medici: durante le missioni Gemini e Apollo, era capitato che un singolo membro dell’equipaggio sviluppasse la sindrome, ma questa era la prima volta che l’intero equipaggio di una missione ne soffriva.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Il 2 Agosto fu rilevato un malfunzionamento degli ugelli di pilotaggio della capsula Apollo: già durante la prima giornata di missione, uno dei quattro ugelli di manovra aveva smesso di funzionare, ora si dovette constatare il malfunzionamento di un secondo. C’era certezza di fare ritorno verso la Terra anche con due soli ugelli funzionanti, però non fu chiaro se il malfunzionamento era dovuto ad una causa comune, pertanto si temeva che la stessa avaria potesse colpire gli ugelli ancora funzionantti. Per questo motivo e particolarmente per essere pronti a reagire in caso si verificasse quanto temuto, iniziarono a Cape Canaveral i preparativi per <span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span>un eventuale volo di soccorso. Già negli anni precedenti erano infatti stati elaborati dei piani d’intervento per l’esecuzione di una missione di soccorso anche sulla Luna.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="375" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-45.gif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Apollo modificato per Skylab <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Rescue.Sotto</span>: il patch della missione prevista.</em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="600" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Apollo---Cancelled-missions/skylab-rescue.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="600" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Per il cosiddetto <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Skylab Rescue</em> si era modificata una navetta Apollo in modo da ottenere lo spazio per un equipaggio di cinque persone. Una di queste capsule così modificate, nonché un razzo vettore Saturn IB erano già pronti per lo Skylab 4 come pure una seconda capsula spaziale ed il relativo razzo per il</span></span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programma_test_Apollo-Sojuz" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Programma test Apollo-Sojuz"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">programma Apollo-Sojuz</span></span></span></span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">. Fu programmato, che due componenti dell’equipaggio di riserva, cioè gli astronauti Vance DeVoe Brand e Don Leslie Lind sarebbero volati verso lo Skylab per agganciarsi al secondo boccaporto presente sulla stazione spaziale. Cosi i tre astronauti avrebbero potuto lasciare il laboratorio spaziale e far ritorno verso la Terra coi loro colleghi. A seconda del momento della situazione d’emergenza, si considerava un periodo di preparazione dell’eventuale missione di soccorso da un minimo di 10 giorni entro il limite massimo di 45 giorni.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Ben presto fu comunque chiaro che le avarie riscontrate non mettevano in pericolo la prosecuzione della missione. <span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span>Il 6 Agosto, Garriott e Lousma eseguirono un’EVA della durata di 6 ore e 31 minuti per montare una vela solare, cambiare le pellicole della telecamera di osservazione solare nonché eseguire tre esperimenti di carattere scientifico. Altre due EVA vennero compiute il 24 Agosto da <span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span>Garriott e Lousma (4 ore e 31 minuti), e, infine, il 22 Settembre, da Garriott e Bean (2 ore e 41 minuti).</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Bean, fece richiesta di prolungare la permanenza dello spazio di un ulteriore settimana sul previsto, ma il centro di controllo non acconsentì, in quanto i medici di volo insistevano per avere ulteriori esami dell’influenza della microgravità sullo stato di salute generale, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span>prima di acconsentire una tale permanenza prolungata(va ricordato che durante la missione si era manifestata per la prima volta la cosiddetta “puffy face syndrome”). Un secondo motivo per cui la richiesta non poté essere accolta fu che le riserve alimentari erano quasi esaurite. Va ricordato anche che gli esperimenti per studiare la microgravità su topi, moscerini della fruttae ragni fallirono per la morte degli animali dovuta a un black out elettrico nelle loro gabbie avvenuto dopo il lancio e protrattosi per quasi due giorni.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Il 25 Settembre, Bean, Lousma e Garriott tornarono quindi a terra.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="434" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-43.gif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="367" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-14.gif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="651" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-12.gif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="408" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-47.gif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><img class="noAlign" height="515" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-13.gif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /></span></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class=" noAlign" height="536" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-34.jpg" style="border: 0px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;" width="650" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class=" noAlign" height="520" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-33.jpg" style="border: 0px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;" width="650" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="480" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-22.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="640" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="480" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab19.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="640" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="480" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab23.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="640" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="480" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab20.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="640" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="480" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab21.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="640" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Skylab 4</strong></span> (<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">SL-4, SLM-3</span>) fu lanciato il 16 Novembre 1973, in ritardo di cinque giorni sul piano di volo previsto a causa della scoperta di estese fessurazioni sugli stabilizzatori del vettore Saturn IB, che dovettero essere completamente sostituiti. Con Gerald Paul Carr, comandante, William Reid Pogue, pilota, ed Edward George Gibson, specialista di missione (master al CalTech in propulsione missilistica), la missione ebbe una durata di 84giorni, 1 ora e 16 minuti, e fu la prima a vedere il Capodanno in orbita e la prima ad avere un intero equipaggio che volava per la prima volta nello spazio. E probabilmente fu anche la prima a scioperare.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Esaminando i parametri della missione precedente, i medici di Houston si erano fatti l’idea che il malessere che aveva colpito l’intero equipaggio, fosse dovuto allo spostamento improvviso in microgravità dall’ambiente relativamente angusto della capsula Apollo a quello più vasto dello Skylab. Pertanto fu deciso che la prima notte, gli astronauti avrebbero dormito sulla navetta, per spostarsi l’indomani nel laboratorio, il che non impedì a Pogue di manifestare ugualmente i sintomi del mal di spazio. Carr non riferì l’accaduto nel timore di vedere prolungata la permanenza sull’Apollo, ma i dati biometrici trasmessi a terra permisero al controllo di missione di scoprire l’accaduto. L’equipaggio fu severamente redarguito per quel silenzio, fatto che contribuì a incrinare i rapporti. In seguito, gli astronauti ebbero a lamentarsi per il cibo, assolutamente insipido, privo com’era di qualsiasi salsa e con una razione di sale bassissima, e del carico di lavoro troppo pesante e non programmato ― molti esperimenti non erano stati nemmeno provati a terra ―. Dopo diverse rimostranze, l’equipaggio decise di prendersi un giorno di vacanza. Probabilmente fu il primo esempio di sciopero spaziale della storia. In seguito a questo fatto, i rapporti migliorarono.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="513" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-Mission3.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Furono eseguite quattro EVAs: Gibson e Pogue il 22 Novembre impiegarono 6 ore e 33 minuti all’esterno per eseguire diverse riparazioni e sostituire la pellicola nell’osservatorio solare; Carr e Pogue, il 25 Dicembre per un’ora e un minuto cercarono di riparare uno dei giroscopi della stazione andato fuori uso, missione successivamente riuscita a Carr e Gibson, con un’EVA di 3 ore e 29 minuti, il 29 Dicembre. L’ultima attività extraveicolare venne compiuta ancora da Carr e Gibson il 3 Febbraio 1974 per 5 ore e 19 minuti di manutenzione ordinaria del laboratorio.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">I risultati scientifici di maggiore impatto, furono l’osservazione della cometa Kohoutek e la determinazione dall’esame spettroscopico, della presenza di acqua nel suo nucleo, e, il 21 Gennaio 1974, la prima ripresa di un flare solare.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="378" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab4_crew.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="500" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Gerald Carr, Edward G. Gibson e William Pogue.</em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">L’8 Febbraio 1974, l’equipaggio fece rientro a terra con un nuovo imprevisto: appena azionati i razzi frenanti per avviare la fase di rientro nell’atmosfera, Carr notò che i congegni di pilotaggio non reagivano, e dovette azionare i sistemi di riserva. In seguito si scoprì che l’anomalia era dovuta al fatto che in precedenza diversi interruttori di bordo erano stati azionati erroneamente. Prima del rientro, il motore principale della capsula Apollo fu acceso per tre minuti per portare lo Skylab in un’orbita più alta: secondo i calcoli della NASA tale manovra avrebbe ritardato il rientro del laboratorio nell’atmosfera di almeno nove anni. Prima di quella data, si prevedeva di fare ritorno sulla stazione con il nuovo Space Shuttle.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="204" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-32.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="300" /><img class="noAlign" height="225" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-39.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="300" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Problemi psicologici legati alle missioni: q</strong></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">uando alla fine del programma venne paragonato il carico di lavoro svolto dai tre equipaggi, confrontando esclusivamente il lavoro della terza e quarta settimana di missione, non poterono essere rilevati notevoli o significanti differenze. Pure il terzo equipaggio aveva infatti raggiunto molto di più di quanto preventivamente previsto.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Notevoli differenze vennero però rilevate nelle personalità dei tre equipaggi. Infatti i lavori di sistemazione e riparazione eseguiti dal primo equipaggio furono la ragione che lo stesso sviluppò per sé la sensazione di essere dei <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">pionieri</em> dell’esplorazione spaziale. Il secondo equipaggio si concentrò quasi esclusivamente all’esecuzione dei lavori e dei vari esperimenti, rinunciando molto spesso a fasi di riposo o di tempo libero. Il più situazioni di conflitto intervennero invece con il terzo equipaggio. Molti problemi o oggetti di polemica non vennero discussi tra equipaggio e centro di controllo e ciò ebbe un influsso negativo sullo sviluppo della missione. Il risultato fu che nessuno dei tre astronauti del terzo equipaggio venne nominato per un successivo volo nello spazio.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Tre le cause per questo conflitto.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1) L’enorme carico di lavoro previsto. Anche se la durata della <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">giornata</span></em> di lavoro per il terzo equipaggio rimase invariata nei confronti delle precedenti missioni, l’equipaggio fu costretto a portare l’assoluto rendimento, non più per uno o due mesi, bensì per ben tre mesi completi.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">2) La mancanza di fiducia tra il centro di controllo e l’equipaggio, a causa dell’omissione dell’indicazione del malessere dell’astronauta Pogue. I responsabili a terra infatti furono scettici per tutta la durata della missione ed ebbero costantemente dubbi che ulteriori fatti intervenuti a bordo della stazione spaziale non fossero stati comunicati. </span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">3) L’equipaggio era ripetutamente confrontato con delle carenze di tipo tecnico. Con il passare del tempo, l’equipaggio fu sempre più scontento del malfunzionamento tecnico del loro veicolo spaziale, e tale scontentezza si manifestò durante i colloqui con il centro di controllo ― sicuramente nei momenti meno opportuni.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><img class="noAlign" height="399" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-26.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="432" /></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Tutto sommato si poterono comunque registrare delle situazioni analoghe intercorse durante la missione dell’Apollo 7</span></span> <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_7" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Apollo 7"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Apollo 7</span></span></span></span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">. Anche gli astronauti</span></span> <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Marty_Schirra" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Walter Marty Schirra"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Schirra</span></span></span></span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">,</span></span> <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Cunningham" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Walter Cunningham"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Cunningham</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">e</span></span> <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donn_Eisele" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Donn Eisele"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Eisele</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">impegnati nella prima missione umana Apollo, nell’Ottobre 1968, furono colmati di lavori da eseguire durante questa missione. Inoltre gli astronauti erano colpiti dal raffreddore e pertanto molto tesi durante tutta la missione, in quanto temevano disturbi permanenti della loro salute, dipendenti dalla fase di rientro in atmosfera. Al contrario dell’equipaggio dello Skylab, gli astronauti dell’Apollo 7 articolarono ben presto i loro differenti punti di vista tentando via radio di chiarire gli stessi con il centro di controllo. Con ciò furono in grado di raggiungere diversi compromessi.</span></span></div>
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<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Anche se lo Skylab rimase l’unica stazione spaziale americana, poterono essere ricavate dalla stessa importanti esperienze per missioni verso e sulla stazione spaziale sovietica</span></span> <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Mir"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Mir</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">nonché per la</span></span> <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stazione_spaziale_internazionale" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0084b4; text-decoration: none;" title="Stazione spaziale internazionale"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0055cc;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">stazione spaziale internazionale</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">ISS. In particolar modo fu constatato che per gli astronauti bisognava raggiungere un rapporto ottimale tra periodi di lavoro e periodi di tempo libero. Questo rapporto dipendeva sia dal profilo della missione come pure dalla durata della missione stessa. Bisognava ad ogni costo coinvolgere notevolmente gli astronauti, come pure degli esperti ex-astronauti, nella programmazione della missione. Di fondamentale importanza venne valutato il rapporto tra equipaggio e collaboratori del centro di controllo. Inoltre bisognava prevedere diverse alternative nella fase di programmazione della missione, per poter reagire in una maniera molto flessibile se determinati lavori o esperimenti impegnassero meno o più tempo di quanto previsto.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Per future missioni nello spazio, come per esempio un volo umano verso Marte, non solo il sovraccarico di lavoro può diventare un problema per l’equipaggio, bensì la noia o la frustrazione delle fasi di volo più tranquille potrebbe essere un problema.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Un ultimo argomento da tener presente fu l’importanza della composizione dell’equipaggio. Fortunatamente per tutti i tre equipaggi dello Skylab la scelta dell’equipaggio era riuscita in una maniera tale, che gli equipaggi furono abbastanza affiatati tra di loro. Maggiori problemi, differenze interne o situazioni di tensione tra gli astronauti non vennero registrate.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="480" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-41.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="640" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img class="noAlign" height="480" src="http://idata.over-blog.com/2/60/77/96/Skylab/Skylab-42.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="640" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Skylab fu dunque lasciato in un orbita di parcheggio con la previsione di inviare nuovi equipaggi appena lo Shuttle si fosse reso disponile nel 1979.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />I ritardi fecero sì che la navetta non potesse essere lanciata che all’inizio del 1981, quindi si studiò si spostarlo in un’orbita più alta con una missione automatica, chiamata Teleoperator, ma la carenza di fondi, assorbiti dallo Shuttle, impedirono la sua realizzazione, pertanto, i<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal;">l 19 Dicembre 1978, la NASA annunciò ufficialmente che lo Skylab non poteva più essere salvato. Il laboratorio precipitò sulla terra l’11 Luglio 1979, spezzandosi in più parti che raggiunsero la superficie in maniera più consistente di quanto previsto, anche se l’unica vittima fu una mucca australiana centrata da un frammento nei dintorni di Perth.</span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />L’intero programma era costato 2,6 miliardi di dollari al valore del 1973.</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;">Skylab</span></strong></span></strong> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Dimensioni:</strong> 84 piedi, pari a 25,60 metri di lunghezza, per 22 piedi, pari a 6 metri e 71centimetri di diametro</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Massa:</strong> 169950 libre, pari a 77088 chili</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Volume abitabile:</strong> 10 mila piedi cubici, pari a 283,17 metri cubi</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Dati orbitali:</strong> 434x441,9 chilometri, inclinazione 50°, periodo 93 minuti</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;">Saturn INT-21</span></strong></span></strong> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Modifica del Saturn V con l’eliminazione del terzo stadio per fare posto allo Skylab.</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Dimensioni:</strong> lunghezza 262 piedi, pari a 79,86 metri senza lo Skylab</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Diametro</strong> 33 piedi, pari a 10,06 metri</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Massa totale:</strong> 6429000 libbre, pari a 2916145 chili</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Payload a LEO:</strong> 165000 libbre, pari a 74843chili</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Motori:</strong> I stadio S-IC: 5 Rocketdyne F1, propulsi con miscela RP1/LOX, spinta totale 7648000 libbre, pari 3469074 chili per 150 secondi. II stadio, S-II: 5 Rocketdyne J2, propulsione LH2/LOX, spinta totale 1 milione di libbre, pari a 453592 chili per 360 secondi</span></span></div>
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VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-7361331479557224962016-06-08T21:25:00.001-07:002016-06-08T21:25:42.862-07:00BOOK: LAST JUDGMENTThe Scribe Valdemir published the book Last Judgment, is a meditation on the course of the most fateful moment in history. The time to give every man according to his works. You can read this book for free, or buy it in e-book or printed on amazon.com<br />
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<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">Número de páginas:</b> 133<br />
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<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">Edição:</b> 1(2016)<br />
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<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">ISBN:</b> 978-1533657350<br />
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<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">Formato:</b> A5 148x210<br />
<br style="vertical-align: inherit;" />
<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">Coloração:</b> Preto e branco<br />
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<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">Acabamento:</b> Brochura c/ orelha<br />
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<b style="vertical-align: inherit;">Tipo de papel:</b> Offset 75g</div>
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VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-35405018041389460072016-04-15T20:30:00.001-07:002016-04-15T20:30:28.184-07:00TODOS OS TELEFONES DO PRESIDENTE LULA<div style="text-align: justify;">
Compre o livro TODOS OS TELEFONES DO PRESIDENTE LULA em várias livrarias virtuais como amazon.com, e clubedeautores.com.br no endereço abaixo:</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Este presente volume faz uma análise das ligações telefônicas que o juiz Sergio Moro retirou o sigilo do processo e permitiu que a sociedade brasileira tomasse conhecimento do complô que Lula, Dilma e a cúpula do Partido dos Trabalhadores tramavam contra o Brasil. Em seu plano de poder, o PT enriqueceu seus membros mais ilustres e arregimentava sua quadrilha na ralé da sociedade com seus exércitos paralelos como o MST, os ditos movimentos sociais, os sindicatos e grupos sanguessugas como a CUT (Central Única dos Trabalhadores). As revelações das conversas telefônicas deixaram o Brasil estarrecido com as manobras ilegais que o PT tramava para livrar Lula das mãos pesadas da justiça federal, em especial, da REPÚBLICA DE CURITIBA, pois daquela capital brasileira, uma força conjunta da Policia Federal, do Ministério Público Federal e da Justiça Federal, desvendou-se o maior esquema de corrupção da história do Brasil e mesmo da história da humanidade. O volume de dinheiro desviado do erário público e da Petrobrás trata-se de uma soma astronômica que bandidos mancomunados transferiram para sustentar a máfia do PT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-39112929156897464012016-03-11T16:23:00.001-08:002016-03-11T16:23:11.772-08:00LIVRO: O DIABO ESTÁ AO SEU LADOO Escriba Valdemir publicou este livro e pode ser comprado impresso ou em e-book no endereço abaixo, além de dezenas de outras editoras e livrarias virtuais. Pode ser lido na íntegra logo a seguir.<br />
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Tive inúmeras experiências com os demônios, e a cada dia tenho novas experiências. Ninguém passa por este mundo sem sentir por algum momento uma perturbação em sua vida. Um vulto que passou por trás de você, uma voz chamando seu nome e você não vê ninguém. Um pesadelo extremamente assustador. Um impulso maligno para fazer algo contrário a sua consciência. Muitas vezes uma voz, como se houvesse outra pessoa discutindo em sua mente com você, te tentando para fazer algo proibido. Cada um fazendo uma retrospectiva da sua vida perceberá que em alguns momentos uma presença maligna o cercou. Não tem como evitar isso. Aliás, quanto mais a pessoa se volta para Deus, mais chances ela terá de sentir o Mal lhe rondando, lhe cercando e espreitando sua vida, porque o Diabo não quer ninguém bem. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<strong><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/ESCRIBAVALDEMIR/o-diabo-est-ao-seu-lado" target="_blank" title="O DIABO ESTÁ AO SEU LADO">O DIABO ESTÁ AO SEU LADO</a> </strong>from <strong><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/ESCRIBAVALDEMIR" target="_blank">ESCRIBAVALDEMIR</a></strong></div>
VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-28766234373557473882015-10-03T09:48:00.000-07:002015-10-03T09:48:14.286-07:00LIVRO: PT X CRISTIANISMOO Escriba Valdemir publicou este livro que você pode ler aqui na íntegra. São dezenas de capítulos falando das ideologias do Partido dos Trabalhadores que são contrárias aos ensinos da Bíblia. Não dá para a pessoa ser petista e cristão ao mesmo tempo. O livro pode ser adquirido impresso no endereço a seguir:<br />
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https://clubedeautores.com.br/book/194551--PT_X_CRISTIANISMO#.Vg_thflViko<br />
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<strong> <a href="https://pt.slideshare.net/ESCRIBAVALDEMIR/pt-x-cristianismo-53493424" target="_blank" title="PT X CRISTIANISMO">PT X CRISTIANISMO</a> </strong> from <strong><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/ESCRIBAVALDEMIR" target="_blank">ESCRIBAVALDEMIR</a></strong> <br />
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VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-54221379272121387432015-07-29T19:22:00.002-07:002015-07-29T19:22:55.800-07:00LIVRE: ARCHÉOLOGIE BIBLIQUE - COMPLET<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">Scribe Valdemir publie un livre ARCHÉOLOGIE BIBLIQUE. 98 pages dans lequel nous analysons les histoires racontées dans la Bible et nous pouvons prouver la véracité d'entre eux. (Peut être acheté imprimé par: amazon.com, clubedeautores.com.br et autres libraires en ligne)</span><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="510" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//pt.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/key/mFTHY3q4KeU3bd" style="border-width: 1px; border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%;" width="477"> </iframe> <br />
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<strong> <a href="https://pt.slideshare.net/ESCRIBAVALDEMIR/archeologie" target="_blank" title="ARCHEOLOGIE BIBLIQUE">ARCHEOLOGIE BIBLIQUE</a> </strong> from <strong><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/ESCRIBAVALDEMIR" target="_blank">ESCRIBAVALDEMIR</a></strong> </div>
VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-37723124298627270822015-05-15T11:09:00.001-07:002015-05-15T11:09:14.549-07:00CHUTE D'UN CARGO SPATIAL RUSSEBy: Scribe Valdemir<br />
SOURCE:<br />
http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/sciences/20150429.OBS8192/chute-d-un-cargo-spatial-russe-quatre-questions-pour-tout-comprendre.html
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Chute d'un cargo spatial russe : quatre questions pour tout comprendre</h1>
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Le vaisseau Progress est en chute libre et incontrôlée vers la Terre après une perte de signal. Le point pour tout comprendre.</h2>
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<img alt="Le cargo spatial russe Progress vu depuis la station spatiale internationale (ISS) (Capture d'écran Nasa)" class="obs-photo" src="http://referentiel.nouvelobs.com/file/13945533.jpg" itemprop="image" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="645" /><span class="obs-legend" style="background: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65098) 90%); bottom: 0.2em; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: normal; left: 0px; padding: 2.5em 1em 1em !important; position: absolute; width: 645px;">Le cargo spatial russe Progress vu depuis la station spatiale internationale (ISS) (Capture d'écran Nasa)</span></div>
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</section><section class="obs-article-brelated" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><h3 class="titre-aside-art" style="border-top-color: rgb(255, 33, 0); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff2100; font-family: oswald-bold, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase;">
À LIRE AUSSI</h3>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: oswald-bold, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.2em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/sciences/20150429.OBS8177/un-cargo-spatial-russe-chute-vers-la-terre.html" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration: none;" target="_self" title="Perte de contrôle d'un cargo spatial russe qui chute vers la Terre">Perte de contrôle d'un cargo spatial russe qui chute vers la Terre</a></li>
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Les opérateurs de vol russes ont perdu le contrôle du vaisseau cargo inhabité Progress qui devait ravitailler la Station spatiale internationale (ISS) et qui retombera sur Terre, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">a déclaré mercredi 29 avril un responsable au sein du complexe spatial russe. <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">"Il a commencé sa chute", a affirmé ce responsable sous couvert d'anonymat, ajoutant que "des réactions totalement incontrôlables avaient commencé". Le point sur ce que l'on sait.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Que s'est-il passé ?</span></h4>
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Les opérateurs russes avaient rencontré des problèmes de transmission de données peu après son lancement mardi, par une fusée Soyouz, du cosmodrome de Baïkonour et avaient décidé de changer le plan de vol du vaisseau.</div>
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Les autorités avaient pourtant assuré mardi que le Progress remplirait bien sa mission et s'amarrerait le 30 avril à l'ISS, contre un vol initialement prévu de six heures. Ce n'est désormais plus à l'ordre du jour et le cargo spatial devrait retomber sur la Terre "<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">dans des conditions incontrôlables".</span></div>
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Peut-on éviter la chute ?</h4>
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Selon le responsable russe, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">les contrôleurs de vol russes vont essayer encore deux fois de rétablir la liaison avec le vaisseau, mais sans grand espoir d'y parvenir. <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">"Il est impossible de dire quand exactement le </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">cargo</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> retombera sur Terre, cela dépend de beaucoup de facteurs. Mais la chute s'effectuera dans des conditions incontrôlables", selon la même source.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Où et quand aura lieu la chute sur Terre ?</span></h4>
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Il est impossible de dire quand exactement le cargo retombera sur Terre, cela dépend de beaucoup de facteurs. Mais la chute s'effectuera dans des conditions incontrôlables", selon la même source.</h5>
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Thomas Reiter, le directeur des vols et des opérations de l'Agence spatiale européenne, <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2015/apr/29/unmanned-russian-cargo-spacecraft-m-27m-falling-to-earth-live" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black;" target="_blank">explique au "Guardian"</a> que si les Russes ne reprennent pas le contrôle de l'engin spatial, le cargo pourrait toucher la terre d'ici une semaine et demi au maximum.</div>
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Le cargo spatial russe étant en perdition, des bouts de l'engin pourraient toucher la terre ferme. Toutefois le risque pour la population est mince, rappelle le "Guardian". Les deux tiers de la surface de la Terre sont couverts par de l'eau. Et seulement 3% des continents sont occupés par des zones urbaines.</div>
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Normalement, les cargos spatiaux sont contrôlés lors de leur descente et entrent par un chemin menant au-dessus de l'océan Pacifique. Le but est que les fragments des cargos, qui n'ont pas été détruits lors de l'entrée dans l'atmosphère, tombent dans l'océan.</div>
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Que transportait le cargo spatial ?</h4>
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Le Progress M-27M transportait du matériel scientifique et des produits de première nécessité, comme de l'eau ou de la nourriture, mais sa perte ne créera pas de problème pour les six membres d'équipage de l'ISS, qui disposent de plusieurs mois de réserves.</div>
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La Nasa a de son côté confirmé que le vaisseau "ne transporte aucun ravitaillement essentiel pour le fonctionnement de la partie américaine de l'ISS".</div>
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Les segments russe et américain de la Station continuent à fonctionner normalement et ont suffisamment de réserves pour aller bien au-delà de l'arrivée du prochain vaisseau de ravitaillement en juin", a ajouté l'Agence mardi.</h5>
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Il s'agit du vaisseau automatique Dragon de la société américaine SpaceX, dont le lancement de Cap Canaveral en Floride est prévu au plus tôt le 19 juin. Il devra livrer environ 2,2 tonnes de matériel scientifique et de provisions (aliments, eau...).</div>
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VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-3919540070643977942012-04-27T13:53:00.000-07:002012-04-27T13:53:24.453-07:00MAN WAS IT THE MOON?<div id="intro" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;"><div class="almost_half_cell" closure_uid_m6itfn="175" id="gt-res-content"> <div closure_uid_m6itfn="174" dir="ltr" style="zoom: 1;"><span a="undefined" class="short_text" closure_uid_m6itfn="173" f="4" id="result_box" lang="en" pc="null"><span class="hps" closure_uid_m6itfn="549" pc="null">Man was</span> <span class="hps" closure_uid_m6itfn="550" pc="null">it</span> <span class="hps" closure_uid_m6itfn="551" pc="null">the moon</span><span closure_uid_m6itfn="552" pc="null">?</span></span><span alt="Search" id="copyTeaser" selectable="false" style="-khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: -moz-none; -webkit-user-select: none; background: url(http://static.app.widdit.com/images/features/searchwiddit.png); cursor: pointer; height: 22px; margin: -23px -5px -5px -15px; position: absolute; user-select: none; width: 72px;" title="Search" unselectable="on"><a href="http://translate.google.com.br/#" style="text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://static.app.widdit.com/images/features/searchwiddit.png" style="cursor: pointer;" /></a></span></div></div></div><div id="intro" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;"><br />
</div><div id="intro" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;">Over the last several decades the <a href="http://space.about.com/od/moon/a/Should-We-Build-A-Moon-Base.htm" style="color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Moon landings</a> of the late 60s and early 70s have garnered much scrutiny. Some have argued that it would have been physically and technologically impossible to land men on the Moon and return them home. Was it all a hoax? Did NASA fake the Moon missions on a sound stage? I'll discuss the claims of the conspiracy theorists and let you determine for your self if man really landed on the Moon. Did you think of an issue I didn't address? Send me an email and I will be sure to add it.</div><div class="lsItm" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;"><h3 style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">1. Why Are Their No Stars In Photos Taken On The Moon?</h3><div class="imgw" style="color: #7d7d7d; float: left; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 1.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0.6em; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 132px; z-index: 5;"><q style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; quotes: ''; text-decoration: inherit;"><a href="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/0/6/K/1/Apollo16LandingSite.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: center;" target="_blank" title="View Full-Size" zt="-o1/XL"><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/6/6/K/1/Apollo16LandingSite.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%;" /></a></q><cite style="display: block; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">Image Credit: NASA</cite></div><div class="hasimg" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 140px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><div style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">In most of the photos taken during the lunar landing missions there stars are absent in the background. Why is that? Clearly, in the pictures there is a considerable amount of light from the Sun. Also, the Sun light is reflecting off the lunar surface (more on that later). So, in order to take crisp pictures, the camera needed to be set to take pictures in high light. Using a very high frame rate, and small aperture setting, the camera can not gather enough light from the very dim stars to be seen.</div></div></div><div class="gB" id="gB3" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; clear: left; color: #666666; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 5;"><h5 style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><a href="http://space.about.com/od/frequentlyaskedquestions/tp/LunarLandingHoax.htm" style="color: #999999; 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De 1.1Kw, 3.3Kw e 6Kw">www.satrix.com.br</a></div></div><div class="lsItm" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;"><h3 style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">2. Why Can We See Objects In Shadow?</h3><div class="imgw" style="color: #7d7d7d; float: left; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 1.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0.6em; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 132px; z-index: 5;"><q style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; quotes: ''; text-decoration: inherit;"><a href="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/0/7/K/1/AldrinApollo11.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: center;" target="_blank" title="View Full-Size" zt="-o1/XL"><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/6/7/K/1/AldrinApollo11.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%;" /></a></q><cite style="display: block; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">Image Credit: NASA</cite></div><div class="hasimg" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 140px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><div style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">There are many instances of this in Moon landing images. Objects in the shadow of another object, like this image of Buzz Aldrin in the shadow of the Lunar Lander, are clearly visible. How is it possible that we can see him so clearly? The problem is with our assumption that the Sun is the only source of light on the Moon. Now, obviously the Moon does not produce its <em style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">own</em> light, but it does <em style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">reflect</em> the Sun's light very well! This is also the reason that you can make out the details on the front of an astronaut's space suit (see image in item 3) in photos where the Sun is behind him. Light is being reflected from the Lunar surface to illuminate it.</div></div></div><div class="lsItm" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;"><h3 style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">3. Who Took This Picture Of Buzz Aldrin?</h3><div class="imgw" style="color: #7d7d7d; float: left; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 1.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0.6em; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 132px; z-index: 5;"><q style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; quotes: ''; text-decoration: inherit;"><a href="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/0/9/K/1/BuzzAldrin.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: center;" target="_blank" title="View Full-Size" zt="-o1/XL"><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/6/9/K/1/BuzzAldrin.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%;" /></a></q><cite style="display: block; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">Image Credit: NASA</cite></div><div class="hasimg" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 140px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><div style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">There are actually two questions that are commonly asked about this photo, the first was addressed in item 2 above. The second question, is who took this image? It is difficult to see with this small image, but in the reflection of Buzz's visor it is possible to make out Neil Armstrong standing in front of him. But he does not appear to be holding a camera. That is because the cameras were mounted on the chest area of their suits. Armstrong was holding his arm up to his chest to take the picture, which can been seen more easily in <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/40th/images/apollo_image_12.html" style="color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" target="_blank" zt="-o1/XJ">larger images</a>.</div></div></div><div class="lsItm" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;"><h3 style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">4. Why Is The American Flag Waving?</h3><div class="imgw" style="color: #7d7d7d; float: left; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 1.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0.6em; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 132px; z-index: 5;"><q style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; quotes: ''; text-decoration: inherit;"><a href="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/0/B/K/1/JohnYoungSalutesTheFlag.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: center;" target="_blank" title="View Full-Size" zt="-o1/XL"><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/6/B/K/1/JohnYoungSalutesTheFlag.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%;" /></a></q><cite style="display: block; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">Image Credit: NASA</cite></div><div class="hasimg" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 140px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><div style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">Well the answer is that its not waving! In images of the American flag on the Moon, the flag appears rippled, as if it is being blown in the wind. But this is actually due to the design of the flag. It was created to have rigid, extendable support pieces on the top and bottom so that the flag would look taut. However, when the astronauts were setting the flag up, the bottom rod was jammed, and would not fully extend. Then, as they were twisting the pole into the ground, the motion caused the ripples we see. On a later mission, astronauts were going to repair the defective rod, but decided they liked the wavy look so left it the way it was.</div></div></div><div class="lsItm" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;"><h3 style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">5. Why Do The Shadows Point In Different Directions?</h3><div class="imgw" style="color: #7d7d7d; float: left; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 1.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0.6em; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 132px; z-index: 5;"><q style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; quotes: ''; text-decoration: inherit;"><a href="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/0/A/K/1/FlagOnMoon.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: center;" target="_blank" title="View Full-Size" zt="-o1/XL"><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/6/A/K/1/FlagOnMoon.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%;" /></a></q><cite style="display: block; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">Image Credit: NASA</cite></div><div class="hasimg" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 140px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><div style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">In some of the photos, shadows for different objects in the images point in different directions. If the Sun is causing the shadows, shouldn't they all point in the same direction? Well, yes and no. They <em style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">would</em> all point in the same direction if everything was on the same level. This, however was not the case. Because of the uniformly grey terrain of the Moon, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish changes in elevation. However, these changes can influence the apparent direction of shadows for objects in the frame. In this image the shadow of the lander points directly to the right, while the astronauts shadow points down and to the right. This is because the Moons surface is at a slight incline where he is standing.</div></div></div><div class="lsItm" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;"><h3 style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">6. How Did The Astronauts Make It Through The Van Allen Radiation Belts?</h3><div class="imgw" style="color: #7d7d7d; float: left; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 1.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0.6em; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 132px; z-index: 5;"><q style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; quotes: ''; text-decoration: inherit;"><a href="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/0/C/K/1/VanAllenRadiationBelts.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: center;" target="_blank" title="View Full-Size" zt="-o1/XL"><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/6/C/K/1/VanAllenRadiationBelts.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%;" /></a></q><cite style="display: block; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">Image Credit: NASA</cite></div><div class="hasimg" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 140px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><div style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">The Van Allen radiation belts are doughnut shaped regions of space in the Earth's magnetic field that trap very high energy protons and electrons. As a result, some wonder how astronauts could have passed through the belts without being killed by the radiation from these particles. <a href="http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/970228a.html" style="color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" target="_blank" zt="-o1/XJ">NASA quotes</a> that the radiation would be about 2500 rem per year with almost no shielding. Considering how quickly the astronauts passed through the belts, they only would have been exposed to about 0.05 rem during the trip there and back. However, I have seen some numbers quoted as high as 2 rem during the trip. But even assuming levels that high, the rate at which their bodies could have <em style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">absorbed</em> the radiation still would have been within safe levels.</div></div></div><div class="lsItm" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;"><h3 style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">7. Why Is There No Blast Crater Where the Module Landed?</h3><div class="imgw" style="color: #7d7d7d; float: left; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 1.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0.6em; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 132px; z-index: 5;"><q style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; quotes: ''; text-decoration: inherit;"><a href="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/0/D/K/1/Apollo11ExhaustNozzle.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: center;" target="_blank" title="View Full-Size" zt="-o1/XL"><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/6/D/K/1/Apollo11ExhaustNozzle.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%;" /></a></q><cite style="display: block; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">Image Credit: NASA</cite></div><div class="hasimg" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 140px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><div style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">During the descent, the lunar lander would have fired its rocket to slow it down. So, why is there no blast crater on the surface of the Moon? The lander had a very power rocket, capable of 10,000 pounds of thrust. But they didn't need to use all 10,000 pounds of thrust to land the module, in fact they needed only about 3,000 pounds. Concentrated all in one place it should have produced a noticeable crater. But there is no air on the Moon, therefore there is no pressure causing the exhaust gas to go straight down onto a concentrated area. It would have spread out over a wide area. <a href="http://www.badastronomy.com/bad/tv/foxapollo.html#crater" style="color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" target="_blank" zt="-o1/XJ">If you calculate</a> the pressure on the surface, it would have been only 1.5 pounds of pressure per square inch; not enough to cause a blast crater.</div></div></div><div class="lsItm" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;"><h3 style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">8. Why Is There No Visible Flame From The Rocket?</h3><div class="imgw" style="color: #7d7d7d; float: left; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 1.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0.6em; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 132px; z-index: 5;"><q style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; quotes: ''; text-decoration: inherit;"><a href="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/0/8/K/1/Apollo12PreparingToLand.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(208, 208, 208); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: center;" target="_blank" title="View Full-Size" zt="-o1/XL"><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/space/1/6/8/K/1/Apollo12PreparingToLand.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%;" /></a></q><cite style="display: block; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">Image Credit: NASA</cite></div><div class="hasimg" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 140px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><div style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">In all of the images and videos of the lunar module landing and taking off, there are no visible flames from the rocket. How is that? Simple, the type of fuel that was used (a mixture of hydrazine and dinitrogen tetroxide) mixes together and ignites instantly, producing a "flame" that is completely transparent. This fuel mixture is still used in some orbiting space craft, and images of those craft clearly show no flames.</div></div></div>VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-61701933075928546482012-04-27T13:42:00.000-07:002012-04-27T13:42:17.438-07:00HOMEM NA LUA NÃO É UMA FARSACircula pela internet algumas especulações sobre a legitimidade e veracidade sobre o homem ter ou não ido a lua. Realmente vivemos uma época que não dá para acreditar em ninguém, mas neste caso, após apurada investigação pude observar que não há dúvidas, o homem realmente esteve na lua. Peguei este video e publiquei, pois suas explanações servem para dirimir qualquer dúvida. (IPor Valdemir Mota de Menezes, o escriba)<br />
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Travels across the Internet some speculation about the legitimacy and veracity of the man to have or not gone to the moon. Actually live in an age that you can not trust anyone, but in this case, after accurate investigation I noticed that there is no doubt the man was actually on the moon. I took this video and published as his explanations serve to dispel any doubt. (By: Valdemir Mota de Menezes, the scribe)VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-70481627682459501292011-02-08T07:37:00.000-08:002011-02-08T07:37:32.746-08:00NAVE STEREOEl Sol, completo en una imagen<br />
07.02.2011 | Dos sondas gemelas de la NASA, las naves Stereo, acaban de llegar a posiciones opuestas en ambos lados del astro y envían imágenes<br />
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<object width="480" height="390"><param name="movie" value="http://videos.lanacion.com.ar/watch/18999"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://videos.lanacion.com.ar/watch/18999" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="390"></embed></object>VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-81534041253633569922011-01-25T11:47:00.001-08:002011-01-25T11:47:23.655-08:00JAPAN ROCKET<title></title> <style type="text/css">
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<div class="western" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-indent: -0.3in;">ASTRONAUTIC</div><div class="western" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1405614647255845946" name="commentsPadding"></a> <br />
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</div><div dir="ltr" id="Seção1"><div dir="ltr" id="Seção2"><div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1405614647255845946" name="addedOnL"></a> <b>Added On</b> January 22, 2011</div></div></div><div dir="ltr" id="Seção3"><div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1405614647255845946" name="contentL"></a> Japan launches an unmanned rocket on a mission to deliver cargo to the International Space Station.</div></div><div class="western" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-indent: -0.3in;"><br />
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</div>VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-71823259326907885372011-01-14T05:21:00.001-08:002011-01-14T05:21:00.853-08:00TELESCOPIO PLANCKRevelan una imagen global del Universo<br />
05.07.2010 | El telescopio Planck de la Agencia Espacial Europea presentó una nueva perspectiva de las estrellas y las galaxias e información adicional tras el Big Bang (elmundoTV)<br />
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<object height="390" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://videos.lanacion.com.ar/watch/15563"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://videos.lanacion.com.ar/watch/15563" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="390"></embed></object>VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-88554634726725410472010-10-25T14:04:00.000-07:002010-10-25T14:04:38.356-07:00SATELLITE GALILEODécouverte des projets européens développés grâce à Galiléo et Egnos. <br />
4-3-2010<br />
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Galileo est un projet européen de système de positionnement par satellites. En test depuis fin 2005 suite aux lancements des 2 satellites Giove-A et Giove-B en décembre 2005 et avril 2008, les 4 premiers satellites de la constellation seront testés à partir de 2011 et le système sera opérationnel en 2014[1].<br />
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Galileo sera « couramment utilisé dans les transports maritimes, aériens et terrestres, les opérations de secours et de sauvetage, les travaux publics, la prospection pétrolière, l'agriculture, ou tout simplement associé à la voiture ou au téléphone mobile dans la vie de tous les jours »[2].<br />
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Il garantira l'autonomie de l'UE vis-à-vis des USA et de la Russie dans ce domaine stratégique, notamment dans les applications militaires, et déploiera des facultés avancées par rapport à celles présentement offertes par le GPS des USA[2] ou GLONASS de la Russie.<br />
Source:<br />
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_(syst%C3%A8me_de_positionnement)VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-51156320997317247872010-06-23T19:21:00.000-07:002010-06-23T19:22:19.944-07:00NAVE ATLANTIS21 de fevereiro de 2008 — Washington, 20 feb (EFE).- El transbordador espacial "Atlantis" aterrizó en el Centro Espacial Kennedy, en Florida, tras una misión de doce días durante la cual los astronautas instalaron el laboratorio "Columbus" en la Estación Espacial Internacional (EEI). El "Atlantis", con siete astronautas a bordo comandados por Stephen Frick, aterrizó a las 09.07 hora local (14.07 GMT). Durante los doce días en el espacio, el transbordador "Atlantis" dio 202 vueltas a la Tierra. Durante la fase más peligrosa del retorno, el reingreso a la atmósfera terrestre, la cubierta térmica del transbordador soportó temperaturas de unos 1.000 grados Celsius. En esta misión los astronautas del "Atlantis" instalaron el puesto orbital del laboratorio "Columbus", de 2.000 millones de dólares y perteneciente de la Agencia Espacial Europea. EFE TV, Bogotá. 05:19 GMT. Palabras clave: nasa-atlantis-colombus-regreso.<br /><br /><br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/KHObCaqsmjw&hl=pt_BR&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/KHObCaqsmjw&hl=pt_BR&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object>VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-44094192530461186222010-06-18T16:14:00.000-07:002010-06-18T16:19:31.665-07:00SONDE SPATIALE JAPONAISE<object id="vpl_175719" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="600" height="338"><param name="movie" value="http://video.rtlinfo.be/GED_vp/00230000/237200/237206.swf?bEmbed=1&bHideInfo=0&VideoID=175719"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://video.rtlinfo.be/GED_vp/00230000/237200/237206.swf?bEmbed=1&bHideInfo=0&VideoID=175719" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="600" height="338"></embed></object><br /><br />Retour de la capsule de la sonde spatiale japonaise après 7 ans.<br />15-6-2010<br /><br />-----------------------------------------<br /><br /><br />Après un périple mouvementé de 7 ans dans l'espace, la sonde Hayabusa a réussi à rejoindre la Terre et à larguer la capsule qui doit contenir des échantillons de l'astéroïde Itokawa. Leur étude pourrait permettre aux scientifiques de mieux comprendre comment s'est formé le Système solaire. Ce retour sur Terre signe une performance autant scientifique que technique car rien n'aura été épargné à cette sonde japonaise.<br /><br /><br />sOURCE: http://antonius.blogspace.be/VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-46188640808571128542010-06-01T12:32:00.001-07:002010-06-01T12:33:33.792-07:00RAMÓN ALONSO Y SU COMPUTADORA<object width="480" height="390"><param name="movie" value="http://videos.lanacion.com.ar/watch/13772"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://videos.lanacion.com.ar/watch/13772" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="390"></embed></object><br /><br />El argentino que llevó el Apollo 11 a la Luna<br /><br />05.03.2010 | Ramón Alonso diseñó la computadora que guió a la nave espacial en su histórico viajeVALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-34396745534159707002010-06-01T11:58:00.000-07:002010-06-01T11:59:16.169-07:00TURISMO ESPACIAL<object width="480" height="390"><param name="movie" value="http://videos.lanacion.com.ar/watch/10440"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://videos.lanacion.com.ar/watch/10440" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="390"></embed></object>VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-51369060720027158772010-05-06T21:30:00.000-07:002010-05-06T21:41:09.366-07:00SKYLAB<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIdqIBbmpJR2YGTOZFIKGTq8ZeB-Kug5gy9B93yv7Z6k31UMy_qanGPoXP9OMP3VO5NJPCf5NREIbIsVVELYBrDGHhwPJ42iE3Jbl-j85UdS1Tjlv4ymXad_kIurPqYR2zoovpYFmLww0/s1600/Skylab_8.gif"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 257px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIdqIBbmpJR2YGTOZFIKGTq8ZeB-Kug5gy9B93yv7Z6k31UMy_qanGPoXP9OMP3VO5NJPCf5NREIbIsVVELYBrDGHhwPJ42iE3Jbl-j85UdS1Tjlv4ymXad_kIurPqYR2zoovpYFmLww0/s320/Skylab_8.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5468383394621290866" /></a><br /><br />Skylab foi posto no mundo como o primeiro laboratório espacial de grandes dimensões. Ficou em operação por vários anos após o lançamento, em 1973, STI, servindo, entre outras coisas, como Laboratório de espaço baseada em estudos de física solar. NRL foi envolvido no Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) observatório solar que foi anexado ao Skylab. <br />(FONTE:louis14.nrl.navy.mil /Skylab /)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN6Y0I-X9fPL2rF453T0yYa32g2q91a6hQ7C2lLVYNALEMbEIE1FDVHKWOTjIlrYo0WtQ8bOznyblC3rJ0cJJqYNIStvHODpVD1NazClzxvPF-xdV2AGDomN2dpLBJE6gjLUxCNjkxcXw/s1600/Skylab_Image.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 278px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN6Y0I-X9fPL2rF453T0yYa32g2q91a6hQ7C2lLVYNALEMbEIE1FDVHKWOTjIlrYo0WtQ8bOznyblC3rJ0cJJqYNIStvHODpVD1NazClzxvPF-xdV2AGDomN2dpLBJE6gjLUxCNjkxcXw/s320/Skylab_Image.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5468381673149839746" /></a><br />laboratório Skylab <br /><br />Skylab, a primeira estação espacial americano foi lançado com sucesso em uma órbita em torno da Terra em 14 de maio de 1973. Tinha um comprimento de 36 m, de 360 metros cúbicos de capacidade. Durante o vôo os astronautas fizeram mais de 270 experimentos, tiraram muitas fotos da atividade solar e da superfície da Terra, e pesquisou os fenômenos que ocorrem no universo, em termos cósmicos. <br />(fonte: romanian.cri.cn /1/2008/10/16/1s88352.htm)<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7TgXIEX8eq2lzPtHa1_HcuqJ-QRX8Z7GmAmOgij49WyW2-4AJnbH3ttHFw8eMVyiHqsFEkyNpmt8GNorKrNlF-15z0oA11d2cvhfNktYrQzM6Ti6Xm8xnotrkbYcyoN4oXftrNL2aP8/s1600/Skylab%2520Recue%2520CSM.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 256px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7TgXIEX8eq2lzPtHa1_HcuqJ-QRX8Z7GmAmOgij49WyW2-4AJnbH3ttHFw8eMVyiHqsFEkyNpmt8GNorKrNlF-15z0oA11d2cvhfNktYrQzM6Ti6Xm8xnotrkbYcyoN4oXftrNL2aP8/s320/Skylab%2520Recue%2520CSM.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5468383044464614626" /></a>VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405614647255845946.post-82883093004398472922009-10-26T20:11:00.000-07:002009-10-26T20:47:50.889-07:00PEDRO PAULET E O COMBUSTÍVEL LÍQUIDOPedro Paulet Mostajo (2 de julho, 1874 em Arequipa, Peru - 1945 em Buenos Aires, Argentina) foi um cientista peruano que em 1895 se tornou a primeira pessoa a construir um combustivel líquido para motor de foguete. No entanto, o motor ficou presa ao seu banco de ensaios. <br /><br /> Notícias deste avanço revolucionário em foguetes só veio a tona em 27 de outubro de 1927, quando uma carta de Paulet apareceu em uma edição do jornal peruano El Comercio. Paulet reivindicou a propriedade legal de seu projeto de motor para foguete. <br /><br /> A carta foi divulgada em todo o mundo por um Scherschevsky Alexander, um cidadão russo, de forma sucinta. Se o trabalho de Paulet tivesse sido autenticado, ele seria hoje considerado o pai incontestável dos foguetes de combustível líquido. <br /><br /><br /><br />DOCUMENTÁRIO SOBRE PEDRO PAULET<br /><br /><br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/z8uYTUcd9Bs&hl=pt-br&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/z8uYTUcd9Bs&hl=pt-br&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>VALDEMIRhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12200140662118097353noreply@blogger.com0